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Past-paper questions pack

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Questions are numbered; the mark schemes (the answer key) follow on separate pages so the question pages can be handed out alone. www.chemistryaleveltutor.com

OCR AS and A-level Chemistry past-paper questions since 2016 · 111 parts · mark schemes follow the questions · www.chemistryaleveltutor.com · Questions and mark schemes © OCR

1. June 2025 · Paper 1 · Q16(c) · 3 marks ·
(c) A student adds an aqueous solution of bromine, Br2(aq), to two test tubes. The student adds aqueous sodium iodide, NaI(aq), to the Br2(aq) in one test tube, and aqueous sodium chloride, NaCl (aq), to the Br2(aq) in the other test tube. Complete the table to show the student's observations. Write ionic equation(s) for any reaction(s) that take place. Solutions Observations ................................................................................................ Br2(aq) + NaI(aq) ............................................................................................... ................................................................................................ Br2(aq) + NaCl (aq) ............................................................................................... Ionic equation(s) ............................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... [3]
2. June 2025 · AS Paper 1 · Q24(b) · 1 marks ·
(b) Pentene, C5H10, can undergo complete combustion to produce the same products as the combustion of an alkane. Write the equation for the complete combustion of C5H10. .................................................................................................................................................... [1]
3. June 2025 · Paper 2 · Q16(d) · 1 marks ·
(d) Hexane, C6H14, is used as a fuel. 1.0 mol of hexane is mixed with 6.0 mol of oxygen and combusted. Construct an equation for the incomplete combustion of 1.0 mol of hexane with 6.0 mol of oxygen. ..................................................................................................................................................... [1]
4. June 2025 · Paper 2 · Q20(c)(iv) · 2 marks ·
(iv) In the production of a pesticide, compound G is reduced to amine H. Suggest suitable reagents and complete the equation for this reduction. Reagents .......................................................................................................................................... Equation: CH3 CH3 NO2 NH2 + .............[H] + ............. Compound G Amine H [2]
5. June 2024 · Paper 1 · Q20(a)(ii) · 2 marks ·
(ii) Sea water contains aqueous bromide ions. Chlorine is used to extract bromine from sea water. Construct the ionic equation for this reaction and explain why chlorine is suitable for this extraction of bromine but iodine is not. Equation ........................................................................................................................................... Explanation ...................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... [2]
6. June 2024 · Paper 1 · Q21(a) · 3 marks ·
21 This question is about redox reactions and electrode potentials. (a) The flowchart shows some reactions of barium and its compounds. Barium Reaction 1 Barium oxide Reaction 2 Barium hydroxide Reaction 3 Barium chloride • Write balanced equations for Reaction 1 and Reaction 2. • Identify the type of reaction in Reaction 3. Reaction 1: equation ....................................................................................................................... Reaction 2: equation ....................................................................................................................... Reaction 3: type of reaction ............................................................................................................ [3]
7. June 2024 · AS Paper 1 · Q21(b)(ii) · 1 marks ·
(ii) Balance the equation for the reduction of Fe2O3 with carbon monoxide. ......... Fe2O3 + ......... CO ......... Fe + ......... CO2 [1]
8. June 2024 · AS Paper 1 · Q25(a) · 2 marks ·
25 Three alcohols, A, B and C, are structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12O. (a) A, B and C take part in combustion reactions. Complete the equation for the complete combustion of C5H12O. C5H12O + ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
9. June 2024 · AS Paper 2 · Q2(c)(ii) · 2 marks ·
(ii) Write an equation, including state symbols, to represent the second ionisation energy of B. ..................................................................................................................................................... [2]
10. June 2024 · Paper 2 · Q20(b)(ii) · 4 marks ·
(ii) Ester F can be prepared from a carboxylic acid in two steps. Step 1 The carboxylic acid is converted into an acyl chloride. Step 2 The acyl chloride is converted into ester F. Write equations for Step 1 and Step 2. Show organic compounds as structures. Step 1 Step 2 [4]
11. June 2024 · Paper 2 · Q21(b)(ii) · 2 marks ·
(ii) The reactions of C6H5NH2 are similar to the reactions of phenol. Write an equation for the tri-substitution of C6H5NH2 with chlorine. [2]
12. June 2024 · Paper 2 · Q23(b)(i) · 3 marks ·
(b) (i) In Step 2, Na2CO3(aq) removes the sulfuric acid catalyst and any unreacted compound G from the mixture. Write equations for this removal. Removal of sulfuric acid .......................................................................................................................................................... Removal of unreacted compound G O OH OH Compound G [3]
13. June 2024 · Paper 3 · Q2(b)(ii) · 3 marks ·
(ii) Determine the formula of compound A. formula of A = .......................................................... [3]
14. June 2024 · Paper 3 · Q4(b)(i) · 1 marks ·
(b) Phosphine, PH3, is a poisonous gas. (i) Phosphine reacts with oxygen gas to form phosphorus(V) oxide and water. Write the equation for this reaction. ..................................................................................................................................................... [1]
15. June 2024 · Paper 3 · Q4(b)(ii) · 3 marks ·
(ii) Aqueous silver nitrate, AgNO3, is reduced by PH3. The unbalanced equation is shown below. Balance the equation and use oxidation numbers to explain why this is a redox reaction. ........ AgNO3 + ........ PH3 + ........ H2O ........ Ag + ........ H3PO3 + ........ HNO3 Explanation ...................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... [3]
16. June 2024 · Paper 3 · Q4(c)(i) · 1 marks ·
(c) When phosphorus(V) chloride, PCl 5, and ammonium chloride are heated together, the compound P3N3Cl 6 is formed, together with HCl gas. P3N3Cl 6 has a cyclic structure, like the Kekulé structure of benzene. (i) Write an equation for the reaction of PCl 5 and ammonium chloride to form P3N3Cl 6. ..................................................................................................................................................... [1]
17. June 2023 · AS Paper 1 · Q6 · 1 marks · AO2
6 Successive ionisation energies, in kJ mol–1, of an element in Period 3 of the periodic table are shown below. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 578 1817 2745 11578 14831 18378 23296 27460 31862 What is the formula of the oxide of the Period 3 element? A Na2O B MgO C Al 2O3 D SiO2 Your answer [1]
18. June 2023 · Paper 1 · Q20(c)(i) · 1 marks · AO2
(c) A student reacts 1.00 g of strontium carbonate, SrCO3, with an excess of dilute nitric acid, HNO3. A gas is produced. (i) Construct the equation for this reaction. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
19. June 2023 · AS Paper 1 · Q22(b)(ii) · 2 marks · AO2
(ii) The reaction of ammonium carbonate with dilute nitric acid. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
20. June 2023 · AS Paper 1 · Q23(a)(i) · 2 marks · AO2
23 This question is about enthalpy changes. (a) In a petrol engine, alkanes undergo combustion. (i) Heptane is one of the alkanes in petrol. Write the equation for the complete combustion of heptane. State symbols are not required. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
21. June 2023 · AS Paper 2 · Q2(a)(i) · 2 marks · AO1, 2
2 This question is about some elements in Period 3 and compounds they form. (a) A student adds a small piece of calcium to a beaker containing an excess of water. (i) Construct the equation for the reaction and predict one observation that the student would make. Equation ............................................................................................................................. Observation ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... [2]
22. June 2023 · AS Paper 2 · Q2(b)(i) · 2 marks · AO2
(b) A student has a 5.00 g mixture of sodium chloride, NaCl (s), and barium nitrate, Ba(NO3)2(s). The student also has a solution of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4(aq). The student uses the method below to determine the percentage by mass of NaCl (s) in the mixture. Step 1 Dissolve the 5.00 g mixture in distilled water. Step 2 Add an excess of Na2SO4(aq) to the solution. A precipitate of barium sulfate forms. Step 3 Filter off the precipitate, wash with water, and dry. Step 4 Weigh the dried precipitate. The molar mass of barium sulfate is 233.4 g mol–1. (i) Write an equation for the formation of barium sulfate in step 2. Include state symbols. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
23. June 2023 · Paper 2 · Q16(b)(ii) · 2 marks · AO2
(ii) Organic compound A is formed by the substitution of all 14 H atoms in 2-methylpentane by Br atoms. Write the equation, using molecular formulae, for the formation of compound A from 2-methylpentane. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
24. June 2023 · Paper 2 · Q17(a) · 2 marks · AO2
17 This question is about alcohols. (a) An unsaturated alcohol has 6 carbon atoms and contains one C=C bond. Construct an equation for the complete combustion of this alcohol. .............................................................................................................................................. [2]
25. June 2023 · Paper 2 · Q17(b) · 3 marks · AO2
(b) Compound C, shown below, is refluxed with excess acidified potassium dichromate(VI) to form a single organic product and one other product. Complete the equation for this reaction. OH OH + ............ [O] OH Compound C [3]
26. June 2023 · Paper 3 · Q4(a) · 1 marks · AO3
4 Tutton’s salts are ‘double salts’ with the formula X2Y(ZO4)2 • 6H2O. A Tutton’s salt contains two cations: X+ and Y2+. • X+ can be an ion of the Group 1 elements K, Rb, Cs or Fr, or an ammonium ion. • Y2+ can be a 2+ ion of magnesium or an ion of most of the transition elements in Period 4. • Z can be S or Cr. (NH4)2Cu(SO4)2 • 6H2O is an example of a Tutton’s salt. (a) Predict the formula of a Tutton’s salt containing different ions from (NH4)2Cu(SO4)2 • 6H2O. .............................................................................................................................................. [1]
27. June 2023 · Paper 3 · Q4(b)(i) · 2 marks · AO1
(b) A student prepares a sample of the Tutton’s salt, (NH4)2Cu(SO4)2 • 6H2O using the method shown below. Step 1 Dissolve 0.025 mol of ammonium sulfate and 0.025 mol of hydrated copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4 • 5H2O, in water and make up to 50 cm3. Step 2 Boil the resulting mixture for 2 minutes and allow to cool. Step 3 Allow the solvent to evaporate slowly. Pale blue crystals of the Tutton’s salt form. (i) What masses are needed of ammonium sulfate and CuSO4 • 5H2O? mass of ammonium sulfate ............................................................................................ g mass of CuSO4 • 5H2O ................................................................................................... g [2]
28. June 2023 · Paper 3 · Q6(b)(i) · 2 marks · AO2
(b) Dilute nitric acid reacts with aluminium oxide to form a solution of aluminium nitrate. (i) Write an equation for this reaction. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
29. June 2022 · AS Paper 1 · Q6 · 1 marks · AO2
6 The first four ionisation energies of a Period 3 element X are shown in the table. Ionisation energy / kJ mol–1 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 738 1451 7733 10 541 Element X is reacted with chlorine. What is the formula of the chloride formed? A XCl B XCl 2 C XCl 3 D XCl 4 Your answer [1]
30. June 2022 · Paper 1 · Q6 · 1 marks · AO1
6 Prussian blue, C18Fe7N18, is a deep blue pigment containing Fe2+, Fe3+ and CN− ions. What are the numbers of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in one formula unit of C18Fe7N18? A 2 Fe2+ and 5 Fe3+ B 3 Fe2+ and 4 Fe3+ C 4 Fe2+ and 3 Fe3+ D 5 Fe2+ and 2 Fe3+ Your answer [1]
31. June 2022 · Paper 1 · Q21(b)(ii) · 1 marks · AO3
(ii) 10 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid is added to 10 cm3 of the colourless solution of Ba(OH)2. Write an ionic equation, including state symbols, for the reaction. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
32. June 2022 · Paper 1 · Q21(c)(ii) · 2 marks · AO2
(ii) Huntite is a carbonate mineral with the chemical formula Mg3Ca(CO3)4. Huntite reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce bubbles of a gas and a colourless solution. Construct the equation for the reaction. Include state symbols. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
33. June 2022 · AS Paper 1 · Q23(a)(ii) · 2 marks · AO1
(ii) Magnesium reacts with sulfur to form a compound which has a giant ionic lattice structure. The diagram shows ions as circles in part of the lattice. Complete the diagram by showing the symbols of the ions, including charges. [2]
34. June 2022 · AS Paper 2 · Q1(d) · 2 marks · AO2
(d) Other fruits contain different organic acids. Apple juice contains malic acid which has the following structure. H OH HOOC C C COOH H H Malic acid can be oxidised by heating with acidified potassium dichromate(VI). Write a balanced equation for the reaction, showing the structure of the organic product. Use [O] to represent the oxidising agent. [2]
35. June 2022 · AS Paper 2 · Q2(b)(ii) · 2 marks · AO3
(ii) A student adds a few drops of dilute sulfuric acid to the colourless solution. Describe what the student would observe, and give the formula of the barium compound produced. Observation ....................................................................................................................... Formula of barium compound ........................................................................................... [2]
36. June 2022 · Paper 2 · Q19(a) · 4 marks · AO2
19 This question is about compounds that contain the carboxylic acid functional group. (a) Carboxylic acids react with alkalis, metals and carbonates to form salts. Write full equations for the following three reactions. Show structures for organic compounds. • the reaction of propanoic acid with aqueous potassium hydroxide: • the reaction of aqueous methanoic acid with magnesium: • the reaction of the α–amino acid, aspartic acid (R=CH2COOH), with an excess of aqueous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3: [4]
37. June 2022 · Paper 2 · Q20(c) · 2 marks · AO2
(c) Compound J, C6H5CH2CH2OH, is reacted with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) under reflux to form organic product M. Write an equation for this reaction. Use [O] to represent the oxidising agent and show the structure of M. [2]
38. June 2022 · Paper 2 · Q20(d)(ii) · 1 marks · AO2
(ii) Fill in the equation for the reduction stage of this synthesis. CH2CH2OH + CH2CH2OH + ............... ............... NO2 NH2 [1]
39. June 2022 · Paper 2 · Q20(f) · 2 marks · AO3
(f) Acid anhydrides react in a similar way to acyl chlorides with phenols. Benzoic anhydride is the acid anhydride of benzoic acid, C6H5COOH. Benzoic anhydride reacts with butan-2-ol to form an ester. Suggest an equation for this reaction. Show structures for organic compounds. Use C6H5 for any phenyl groups. [2]
40. June 2022 · Paper 3 · Q1(d)(ii) · 3 marks · AO2
(ii) Glycine reacts with aqueous copper(II) ethanoate to form copper(II) glycinate, Cu(H2NCH2COO)2, and ethanoic acid. Copper(II) glycinate is a complex which exists as two square planar isomers. Write an equation for this reaction and draw the structures of the two square planar isomers of the complex Cu(H2NCH2COO)2. equation ........................................................................................................................................... structures [3]
41. June 2022 · Paper 3 · Q2(a)(ii) · 3 marks · AO1, 2
(ii) Calcium hypochlorite, Ca(Cl O)2, is heated. The Ca(Cl O)2 decomposes to form CaCl 2 and Ca(Cl O3)2. This is a disproportionation reaction. Write an equation for this decomposition and explain, using oxidation numbers, why this is a disproportionation reaction. equation ............................................................................................................................ explanation ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [3]
42. June 2022 · Paper 3 · Q5(b)(i) · 1 marks · AO2
(b) Internal combustion engines have historically used fuels obtained from crude oil as a source of power. The environmental effects of fossil fuel use can be reduced by blending petrol with biofuels such as ethanol. A fuel is being developed using a 1:1 molar ratio of octane and ethanol. (i) Write the equation for the complete combustion of this fuel. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
43. November 2021 · Paper 1 · Q3 · 1 marks ·
3 The unbalanced equation for the reaction of silver with concentrated nitric acid is shown below. ….. Ag(s) + ….. NO3 –(aq) + ….. H+(aq) → ….. Ag+(aq) + .…. NO(g) + ..… H2O(l) Which numbers for Ag and H2O will balance the equation? Ag(s) H2O(l) A 1 2 B 2 3 C 3 1 D 3 2 Your answer [1]
44. November 2021 · Paper 1 · Q5 · 1 marks ·
5 Chromium(III) oxide, Cr2O3, is reduced to chromium by heating with magnesium. What is the minimum mass of Mg required to reduce 11.4 g of chromium(III) oxide? A 0.61 g B 0.91 g C 3.65 g D 5.47 g Your answer [1]
45. November 2021 · Paper 1 · Q18(a) · 2 marks · AO1, 2
18 A student carries out an experiment to determine the percentage by mass of copper in an ore containing copper in its +2 oxidation state. The student is provided with a sample of the copper ore, 1 mol dm–3 potassium iodide, KI(aq), and 0.0200 mol dm–3 sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3. The student’s method is outlined below. Step 1 Add an excess of warm nitric acid to 2.50 g of the ore. The copper(II) compounds in the ore react, forming aqueous copper(II) nitrate. Step 2 Filter the mixture to remove the unreacted rock. Neutralise the filtrate. Step 3 Add an excess of aqueous potassium iodide, KI(aq). A precipitate of copper(I) iodide and a solution of iodine, I2(aq), forms. Step 4 Titrate the mixture from Step 3 using 0.0200 mol dm–3 sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3 in the burette. I2(aq) + 2S2O3 2–(aq) → 2I–(aq) + S4O6 2–(aq) 26.55 cm3 of 0.0200 mol dm–3 Na2S2O3 are required to reach the end point. (a) In Step 1, the student observed that bubbles of gas were produced. Suggest the formula of the copper(II) compound which reacted with HNO3 to form the gas, and write a full equation for the reaction. Formula: .................................................................................................................................... Equation: .............................................................................................................................. [2]
46. November 2021 · AS Paper 1 · Q23(c) · 1 marks · AO2
(c) A mixture of potassium perchlorate, KCl O4, and aluminium is used in fireworks. When the firework ignites, KCl O4 reacts with aluminium to form potassium chloride, KCl , and aluminium oxide, Al 2O3. Write the balanced equation for this reaction. State symbols are not required. .............................................................................................................................................. [1]
47. November 2021 · AS Paper 1 · Q23(d) · 5 marks · AO1, 2, 3
(d) A student investigates the trend in reactivity of the halogens Cl 2, Br2 and I2. The student is supplied with: • solutions of Cl 2, Br2 and I2 in cyclohexane (an organic solvent) • aqueous solutions of the halides: NaCl , NaBr and NaI. The colours of the halogen solutions in cyclohexane are shown below. Halogen Cl 2 Br2 I2 Colour in cyclohexane Pale green Orange Violet Plan an experiment on a test tube scale that would show the trend in the reactivity of the halogens Cl 2, Br2 and I2. Include all the expected observations and an ionic equation for one of the reactions. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [5]
48. November 2021 · AS Paper 2 · Q2(d) · 2 marks · AO2
(d) With excess bromine, further substitution takes place. Write an equation for the reaction of alkane A with excess bromine to produce 1,3-dibromo-2-methylpropane. Use structures for the organic compounds. [2]
49. November 2021 · Paper 2 · Q4 · 1 marks ·
4 What is the correct equation for the incomplete combustion of butan-1-ol? A CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + 1½O2 4CO + 5H2 B CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + 2O2 4CO + 5H2 C CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + 4O2 4CO + 5H2O D CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + 4½O2 4CO + 5H2O Your answer [1]
50. November 2021 · AS Paper 2 · Q7(a) · 2 marks · AO2
7 2-Chloro-2-methylpropane, (CH3)3CCl , is an organic liquid with a boiling point of 50 °C. A student prepares (CH3)3CCl by reacting 2-methylpropan-2-ol, (CH3)3COH, with concentrated hydrochloric acid. (a) Write a balanced equation for this reaction. Use skeletal formulae for organic compounds. [2]
51. November 2021 · Paper 2 · Q20(a)(iii) · 3 marks · AO2, 3
(iii) Two molecules of salicylic acid can react together in the presence of an acid catalyst to form compound B. Compound B has three rings and a molecular formula of C14H8O4. Write the equation for this reaction showing the structures of organic compounds. [3]
52. November 2021 · Paper 3 · Q1(d) · 4 marks · AO1, 2
(d) Compound A has the following percentage composition by mass: Ca, 81.10%; N, 18.90%. A student reacts compound A with water to form alkaline gas B and alkali C. Identify A, B and C and write the equation for the reaction of compound A with water. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [4]
53. November 2021 · Paper 3 · Q1(e) · 4 marks · AO2
(e) The structure of lactic acid is shown below. OH OH O lactic acid Complete and balance the equations for two reactions of lactic acid. Reaction with sodium carbonate CH3CH(OH)COOH + .................... ............................................................................................... Reaction with aluminium CH3CH(OH)COOH + .................... ............................................................................................... [4]
54. November 2021 · Paper 3 · Q5(b)(iii) · 3 marks · AO2, 3
(iii) In the Schmidt reaction, hydrazoic acid, HN3, reacts with carboxylic acids to form primary amines. For example, HN3 reacts with RCOOH to form RNH2 and two gases that are found in the atmosphere. Write the equation for the reaction of HN3 with 2-methylbutanoic acid. Show structures for organic compounds. [3]
55. November 2021 · Paper 3 · Q5(c) · 6 marks · AO3
(c)* This question is about two reactions of ammonia. Reaction 1 Excess ammonia is reacted with 4.77 g of copper(II) oxide. The reaction produces 3.81 g of solid E, liquid F and 0.560 g of gas G, which has a volume of 480 cm3 at RTP. Reaction 2 Ammonia reacts with compound H to form compound I, C2H5NO, and chloride salt J. The IR spectrum of I is shown below. 100 transmittance 50 (%) 0 4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 wavenumber / cm–1 Identify E, F, G, H, I and J, and write equations for the two reactions. Show your reasoning. 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56. November 2020 · AS Paper 1 · Q2 · 1 marks · AO1
2 What is the formula of silver carbonate? A AgCO3 B Ag(CO3)2 C Ag2CO3 D Ag3CO3 Your answer [1]
57. November 2020 · AS Paper 1 · Q8 · 1 marks · AO1
8 The unbalanced equation for the reaction of copper with concentrated nitric acid is shown below. .........Cu + .........HNO3 → .........Cu(NO3)2 + .........NO2 + .........H2O What is the number of moles of HNO3 that react with 1 mole of Cu? A 2 B 3 C 4 D 6 Your answer [1]
58. November 2020 · Paper 1 · Q21(a) · 5 marks · AO1, 2
21 This question is about halogens. (a) A student adds a solution of bromine in an organic solvent to two test tubes. The student adds aqueous sodium chloride to one test tube, and aqueous sodium iodide to the other test tube. The student shakes the mixtures, allows them to settle, and records the colour of the organic layer in each mixture. Sodium halide Colour of organic layer Sodium chloride orange Sodium iodide violet Explain how the student’s results provide evidence for the trend in reactivity of the halogens down group 17(7) and write an ionic equation for any reaction that takes place. Use your chemical knowledge to explain the trend in reactivity. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [5]
59. November 2020 · Paper 1 · Q22(a) · 6 marks · AO3
22 (a)* B and C are compounds of two different transition elements. A student carries out test tube reactions on aqueous solutions of B and C. The observations of the student’s tests are shown below. Test B(aq) C(aq) NH3(aq) added dropwise green precipitate D grey-green precipitate E 1 excess NH3(aq) added no further change purple solution F HNO3(aq) no change no change 2 followed by Ba(NO3)2(aq) white precipitate G no change HNO3(aq) no change no change 3 followed by AgNO3(aq) no change white precipitate H Analyse the results to identify B to H, and construct ionic equations for the formation of products D to H. [6] ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... Additional answer space if required ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................
60. November 2020 · AS Paper 1 · Q22(a)(ii) · 1 marks · AO2
(ii) Write the equation for the reaction of phosphorus with bromine. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
61. November 2020 · AS Paper 1 · Q23(c) · 4 marks · AO2, 3
(c) A student plans to prepare a solution of Ba(OH)2 from barium by two different reaction routes. Outline 2 reaction routes for preparing a solution of Ba(OH)2 from barium in the laboratory. Include relevant equations. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [4]
62. November 2020 · AS Paper 1 · Q25(c)(iii) · 2 marks · AO2
(iii) Propyne reacts with bromine to form a saturated compound. Write an equation for the reaction, showing the structure of the organic product. [2]
63. November 2020 · AS Paper 2 · Q1(c) · 6 marks · AO1, 2, 3
(c)* A student is provided with samples of three nickel compounds. One sample is nickel(II) bromide, another is nickel(II) sulfate and the third is nickel(II) carbonate. The student doesn’t know which sample is which. Describe the tests that the student could carry out to identify the anion (negative ion) in each sample, and write equations for any reactions. [6] ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... Additional answer space if required ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................
64. November 2020 · AS Paper 2 · Q3(c)(i) · 1 marks · AO2
(c) The Period 4 element selenium is in the same group of the periodic table as oxygen. Selenium and oxygen both form compounds with hydrogen with the formulae H2Se and H2O respectively. (i) H2Se can be prepared by reacting aluminium selenide, Al 2Se3, with water. Aluminium hydroxide and hydrogen selenide are formed. Write the equation for this reaction. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
65. November 2020 · AS Paper 2 · Q5(b) · 1 marks · AO2
(b) Complete a balanced equation for the complete combustion of alcohol C. CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 + ........................... ........................... + ........................... [1]
66. November 2020 · Paper 2 · Q17(b) · 3 marks · AO2
(b) Compound C can be prepared by ‘trimerisation’ of propanone using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Suggest an equation for this reaction, using molecular formulae. .............................................................................................................................................. [3]
67. November 2020 · Paper 2 · Q18(a)(i) · 3 marks · AO1, 2
18 Alcohols can be used to prepare organic compounds with different functional groups. (a) HO(CH2)4OH can be oxidised to form HOOC(CH2)2COOH. (i) State the reagents and conditions and write an equation for this oxidation. In the equation, use [O] for the oxidising agent. Reagents and conditions: .................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... Equation: [3]
68. November 2020 · Paper 2 · Q18(b)(iii) · 3 marks · AO1, 2
(iii) A large yield of polymer E can be obtained by reacting a diacyl dichloride with HO(CH2)4OH. The diacyl dichloride is prepared from HOOC(CH2)2COOH. Complete the equation for the formation of a diacyl dichloride from HOOC(CH2)2COOH. O O C (CH2)2 C + .................. HO OH [3]
69. November 2020 · Paper 3 · Q4(a)(i) · 3 marks · AO2
4 A student carries out an investigation to identify two metals, M and X, by two different methods. (a) The student is provided with a sample of metal M. The student analyses metal M using a ‘back-titration’ technique: • The metal is reacted with excess acid. • The resulting solution is titrated to determine the amount of acid remaining after the reaction. Stage 1 The student adds 100 cm3 of 2.10 mol dm−3 HCl (aq) to 6.90 g of M. An excess of HCl (aq) has been used to ensure that all of metal M reacts. A redox reaction occurs, forming a solution containing M in the +2 oxidation state. Stage 2 The resulting solution from Stage 1 is made up to 250.0 cm3 with distilled water. Stage 3 A 25.00 cm3 sample of the diluted solution from Stage 2 is titrated with 0.320 mol dm−3 NaOH(aq). The NaOH(aq) reacts with excess HCl (aq) that remains in Stage 1: NaOH(aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) The student repeats the titration to obtain concordant titres. Titration results (The trial titre has been omitted.) The burette readings have been recorded to the nearest 0.05 cm3. 1 2 3 Final reading / cm3 27.80 37.55 32.20 Initial reading / cm3 0.50 10.00 5.00 (i) In Stage 1, a redox reaction takes place between M and HCl (aq), forming hydrogen and a solution containing M in the +2 oxidation state. Write an overall equation, with state symbols, for this reaction. Write half-equations for the oxidation and reduction processes. Overall equation ................................................................................................................ Oxidation half-equation ..................................................................................................... Reduction half-equation .................................................................................................... [3]
70. June 2019 · AS Paper 1 · Q8 · 1 marks · AO1
8 A phosphate(V) ion has the formula PO4 3−. What is the formula for copper(I) phosphate(V)? A Cu(PO4)5 B Cu5PO4 C Cu(PO4)3 D Cu3PO4 Your answer [1]
71. June 2019 · Paper 1 · Q18(a)(ii) · 1 marks · AO2
(ii) Suggest an equation for the reaction in Experiment 2, Step 1. Include state symbols. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
72. June 2019 · AS Paper 1 · Q21(d)(i) · 2 marks · AO1, 2
(d) Calcium reacts with nitrogen to form calcium nitride, Ca3N2, which is an ionic compound. (i) Construct a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for Ca3N2. Show outer electrons only and the charges on each ion. [2]
73. June 2019 · AS Paper 1 · Q21(d)(ii) · 2 marks · AO2
(ii) Calcium nitride reacts with water to form a solution containing two alkaline compounds. Write an equation for this reaction. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
74. June 2019 · AS Paper 1 · Q21(d)(iii) · 2 marks · AO1
(iii) Calcium reacts with oxygen to form a compound which has a giant ionic lattice structure. The diagram shows ions as circles in part of the lattice. Complete the diagram by showing the symbols of the ions, including charges. [2]
75. June 2019 · AS Paper 1 · Q25(a)(iii) · 1 marks · AO2
(iii) Complete the equation below for the complete combustion of alcohol A. C4H10O ............................................. → ....................................................................... [1]
76. June 2019 · AS Paper 1 · Q25(b)(ii) · 1 marks · AO2
(ii) Organic compound D is formed by substitution of all the H atoms in butane by Cl atoms. Write the equation for the formation of compound D from butane. Use molecular formulae. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
77. June 2019 · Paper 3 · Q2(a) · 1 marks · AO1
2 Benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, is added to some foods as a preservative. A student prepares benzoic acid as outlined below. Step 1 The student mixes 4.00 cm3 of phenylmethanol, C6H5CH2OH, (density = 1.04 g cm−3) with sodium carbonate and aqueous potassium manganate(VII), as an oxidising agent. The mixture is heated under reflux. Step 2 The resulting mixture is cooled and then acidified with concentrated HCl . Impure crystals of benzoic acid appear. Step 3 The student recrystallises the impure crystals to obtain 1.59 g of pure benzoic acid. (a) In Step 1, sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, makes the reaction mixture alkaline. Write an ionic equation to show how carbonate ions form an alkaline solution in water. .............................................................................................................................................. [1]
78. June 2019 · Paper 3 · Q3(a)(i) · 1 marks · AO2
3 This question is about elements and compounds in Group 14 (Group 4) of the periodic table. (a) There are four oxides of lead: PbO, PbO2, Pb2O3 and Pb3O4. A student carries out an experiment to identify an unknown lead oxide, which is one of the four oxides of lead shown above. The student plans to reduce the unknown lead oxide to lead by heating the lead oxide in a stream of methane gas, CH4. The apparatus is shown below. dish containing lead oxide tube methane gas heat Student’s method • Weigh an empty dish. Add the lead oxide to the dish and reweigh. • Set up the apparatus and pass methane gas through the tube as shown. Heat the dish for 10 minutes. • Pass cold air through the tube to cool the dish and contents. • Weigh the dish and contents. (i) Write the equation for the reduction of Pb2O3 with CH4. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
79. June 2019 · Paper 3 · Q6(b) · 6 marks · AO1, 3
(b)* Compound C is a hydrated ionic compound with the empirical formula: FeH18N3O18. A student investigates the thermal decomposition of compound C as outlined below. Stage 1 The student gently heats 0.00300 mol of compound C to remove the water of crystallisation. 0.486 g of water is collected, leaving 0.00300 mol of the anhydrous compound D. Stage 2 The student strongly heats 0.00300 mol of compound D, which decomposes to form a solid oxide E (molar mass of 159.6 g mol−1) and 270 cm3 of a gas mixture, measured at RTP, containing gases F and G. Stage 3 The student cools the 270 cm3 gas mixture of F and G. • Gas F is a compound that condenses to form 0.414 g of a liquid. • Gas G remains and has a volume of 54 cm3, measured at RTP. Gas G is tested and it relights a glowing splint. Determine the formulae of C, D, E, F and G. Show all your working and equations for the reactions. [6] ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... Additional answer space if required. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................
80. June 2018 · AS Paper 1 · Q1 · 1 marks ·
1 The electron configuration of element X is: 1s22s22p63s23p4 What is the formula of a compound formed when sodium reacts with element X? A NaX B NaX2 C Na2X D Na2X3 Your answer [1]
81. June 2018 · Paper 1 · Q6 · 1 marks · AO1
6 In the Periodic Table, element X is in Group 2 and element Y is in Group 15 (5). What is the likely formula of an ionic compound of X and Y? A X2Y5 B X2Y3 C X3Y2 D X5Y2 Your answer [1]
82. June 2018 · Paper 1 · Q7 · 1 marks · AO2
7 Which statement about ammonium carbonate is not correct? A It reacts with Ba(NO3)2(aq) to form a white precipitate. B It effervesces with dilute nitric acid. C It release an alkaline gas with warm NaOH(aq). D It has the formula NH4CO3. Your answer [1]
83. June 2018 · AS Paper 1 · Q9 · 1 marks ·
9 The first five successive ionisation energies of an element Y are shown below. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 496 4563 6913 9544 13352 What is the formula of a chloride of Y? A YCl B YCl 2 C YCl 3 D YCl 4 Your answer [1]
84. June 2018 · AS Paper 1 · Q15 · 1 marks ·
15 1 mol of a compound reacts with 8 mol O2 for complete combustion. What is the formula of the compound? A C4H8 B C4H9OH C C5H11OH D C5H12 Your answer [1]
85. June 2018 · AS Paper 1 · Q22(a)(iv) · 2 marks ·
(iv) Magnesium phosphate can also be prepared by reacting phosphoric acid with a compound of magnesium. Choose a suitable magnesium compound for this preparation and write the equation for the reaction. Formula of compound ............................. Equation ........................................................................................................................ [2]
86. June 2018 · AS Paper 1 · Q22(b)(ii) · 1 marks ·
(ii) When exposed to air, phosphine spontaneously ignites, forming P4O10 and water. Construct an equation for this reaction. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
87. June 2018 · AS Paper 1 · Q23(a)(ii) · 2 marks ·
(ii) At the end of the experiment, the student adds a few drops of aqueous sodium chloride to the reaction mixture in the polystyrene cup to test whether all the aqueous silver nitrate has reacted. Explain how the results would show whether all the aqueous silver nitrate has reacted. Include an equation with state symbols in your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
88. June 2018 · AS Paper 1 · Q24(b)(iii) · 2 marks ·
(iii) The reaction of compound A with excess chlorine forms a compound D, which has a molar mass of 175.5 g mol−1. Draw a possible structure for compound D and write the equation for its formation from compound A. Use molecular formulae in the equation. Compound D Equation ........................................................................................................................ [2]
89. June 2018 · AS Paper 2 · Q2(c)(ii) · 2 marks ·
(ii) Sodium selenide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form a toxic gas, B, with a relative molecular mass of 81.0. Identify gas B and write an equation for this reaction. Gas B ..................... Equation ....................................................................................................................... [2]
90. June 2018 · AS Paper 2 · Q3(a)(i) · 1 marks ·
3 This question is about halogens. (a) Bromine is used to extract iodine from a solution containing iodide ions. (i) Write an ionic equation for the reaction. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
91. June 2018 · AS Paper 2 · Q3(d)(i) · 1 marks ·
(d) ‘Enthalpy change of vaporisation’ is the enthalpy change when one mole of a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point. (i) Write an equation, including state symbols, to represent the enthalpy change of vaporisation of bromine. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
92. June 2018 · Paper 2 · Q16(a)(iv) · 2 marks ·
(iv) The chemist heats alcohol A with sodium chloride and sulfuric acid. Construct a balanced equation for this reaction. Show structures for the organic compounds in your equation. [2]
93. June 2018 · Paper 2 · Q16(b) · 2 marks ·
(b) Compound B, shown below, is refluxed with excess acidified potassium dichromate(VI) to form a single organic product. Complete the equation for this reaction. CH3 H H H3C C C C OH + .......... [O] OH OH H compound B [2]
94. June 2018 · Paper 2 · Q22(a) · 1 marks ·
22 The relative molecular masses and boiling points of some fuels are shown in Table 22.1. Fuel Relative molecular mass Boiling point / °C hexane 86 69 pentan-1-ol 88 138 heptane 100 98 Table 22.1 (a) Write an equation for the incomplete combustion of heptane. .............................................................................................................................................. [1]
95. June 2018 · Paper 2 · Q22(c)(ii) · 2 marks ·
(ii) Solketal has been investigated as a potential fuel additive. HO O O solketal Solketal is synthesised from propane-1,2,3-triol and a carbonyl compound. Construct a balanced equation for this synthesis. Show structures for the organic compounds in your equation. [2]
96. June 2018 · Paper 3 · Q5(b)(ii) · 1 marks ·
(ii) Write the equation for the equilibrium reaction that takes place. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
97. June 2018 · Paper 3 · Q6(a)(iii) · 3 marks ·
(iii) Reaction 6.1 takes place in two steps. OH– ions act as a catalyst. In step 1, ethanal reacts with OH– ions to set up an acid–base equilibrium. In step 2, compound A is formed. • Complete the equilibrium for step 1 and label the conjugate acid–base pairs as: A1, B1 and A2, B2. CH3CHO + OH– .......................... + .......................... ................. ................. ................. ................. • Suggest the equation for step 2. [3]
98. June 2017 · Paper 1 · Q4 · 1 marks ·
4 Which calcium compound contains the greatest percentage by mass of calcium? A calcium carbonate B calcium nitrate C calcium hydroxide D calcium sulfate Your answer [1]
99. June 2017 · Paper 1 · Q17(d)(i) · 2 marks ·
(d) Two changes are described below. For each change, • write an equation, including state symbols, • state and explain how the entropy changes. (i) The reaction of aqueous barium nitrate with aqueous sodium sulfate. Full equation with state symbols ........................................................................................................................................... Explanation of entropy change .......................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
100. June 2017 · AS Paper 1 · Q22(b) · 5 marks ·
(b) B and C are ionic compounds of two different Group 1 elements. The molar masses of B and C are both approximately 140 g mol–1. A student dissolves B and C in water in separate test tubes and analyses the solutions. The observations are shown below. Observation Test B(aq) C(aq) Addition of HNO3(aq) bubbles no change followed by BaCl2(aq) no change white precipitate Use this information and the observations to identify the formulae of B and C. Explain your reasoning. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [5]
101. June 2017 · AS Paper 1 · Q24(b)(i) · 1 marks ·
(b) Aluminium is reacted with ethanoic acid. (i) The unbalanced equation for the reaction is shown below. Balance the equation. ……. Al (s) + ……. CH3COOH(aq) → ……. (CH3COO)3Al (aq) + …… H2(g) [1]
102. June 2017 · AS Paper 2 · Q1(c)(ii) · 4 marks ·
(ii) Solid barium nitride is reacted with water, forming an alkaline solution A and an alkaline gas B. Identify A and B. Write an equation, including state symbols, for the reaction. A ......................................................................................................................................... B ......................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [4]
103. June 2017 · Paper 2 · Q16(e)(ii) · 4 marks ·
(ii) β-Carotene is a naturally occurring unsaturated hydrocarbon found in carrots. A β-carotene molecule contains 40 carbon atoms, has two rings, and a branched chain. 0.0200 mol of β-carotene reacts with 5.28 dm3 of hydrogen gas to form a saturated hydrocarbon. Using molecular formulae, construct a balanced equation for this reaction. Include relevant calculations and reasoning. Equation ...................................................................................................................... [4]
104. June 2017 · Paper 2 · Q19(a) · 1 marks ·
19 This question is about alcohols. (a) Construct an equation for the complete combustion of an unsaturated alcohol with 5 carbon atoms. ............................................................................................................................................. [1]
105. June 2017 · Paper 3 · Q2(d)(iii) · 1 marks ·
(iii) Construct the equation for this reaction. Equation ...................................................................................................................... [1]
106. June 2017 · Paper 3 · Q4(b)(i) · 3 marks ·
(b) The structural formula of compound A is repeated below. O HO OH R compound A Two reactions of compound A are carried out. Suggest an equation for each reaction and state the type of reaction. In your equations, draw structures for organic compounds. You can use R for the alkyl group. (i) Magnesium ribbon is added to a solution of compound A. Gas bubbles are seen and the magnesium slowly dissolves. Equation Type of reaction ........................................................................................................... [3]
107. June 2017 · Paper 3 · Q5(a)(iv) · 2 marks ·
(iv) Propane-1,3-dithiol reacts with carbonyl compounds in a condensation reaction to form a cyclic organic sulfur product. Write an equation for the reaction of propane-1,3-dithiol with propanone. Use structures for organic compounds. [2]
108. June 2016 · AS Paper 1 · Q2 · 1 marks ·
2 What is the formula of ammonium sulfide? A NH4S B NH4SO4 C (NH4)2S D (NH4)2SO4 Your answer [1]
109. June 2016 · AS Paper 1 · Q23(a)(ii) · 2 marks · AO1
(ii) Write an ionic equation for this reaction and state why this reaction takes place in terms of reactivity of the halogens. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
110. June 2016 · AS Paper 1 · Q24(b) · 1 marks · AO2
19 (b) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that the student carries out. Include state symbols. .............................................................................................................................................. [1]
111. June 2016 · AS Paper 2 · Q2(c) · 1 marks · AO2
(c) Aluminium forms a sulfide, Al2S3. Al2S3 reacts with water to form aluminium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide, H2S. Write an equation for the reaction of Al2S3 with water. .............................................................................................................................................. [1]

Mark schemes

1. June 2025 · Paper 1 · Q16(c)
Mark scheme June 2025 Paper 1 Q16(c)
2. June 2025 · AS Paper 1 · Q24(b)
Mark scheme June 2025 Paper 1 Q24(b)
3. June 2025 · Paper 2 · Q16(d)
Mark scheme June 2025 Paper 2 Q16(d)
4. June 2025 · Paper 2 · Q20(c)(iv)
Mark scheme June 2025 Paper 2 Q20(c)(iv)
5. June 2024 · Paper 1 · Q20(a)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2024 Paper 1 Q20(a)(ii)
6. June 2024 · Paper 1 · Q21(a)
Mark scheme June 2024 Paper 1 Q21(a)
7. June 2024 · AS Paper 1 · Q21(b)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2024 Paper 1 Q21(b)(ii)
8. June 2024 · AS Paper 1 · Q25(a)
Mark scheme June 2024 Paper 1 Q25(a)
9. June 2024 · AS Paper 2 · Q2(c)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2024 Paper 2 Q2(c)(ii)
10. June 2024 · Paper 2 · Q20(b)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2024 Paper 2 Q20(b)(ii)
11. June 2024 · Paper 2 · Q21(b)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2024 Paper 2 Q21(b)(ii)
12. June 2024 · Paper 2 · Q23(b)(i)
Mark scheme June 2024 Paper 2 Q23(b)(i)
13. June 2024 · Paper 3 · Q2(b)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2024 Paper 3 Q2(b)(ii)
14. June 2024 · Paper 3 · Q4(b)(i)
Mark scheme June 2024 Paper 3 Q4(b)(i)
15. June 2024 · Paper 3 · Q4(b)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2024 Paper 3 Q4(b)(ii)
16. June 2024 · Paper 3 · Q4(c)(i)
Mark scheme June 2024 Paper 3 Q4(c)(i)
17. June 2023 · AS Paper 1 · Q6
Mark scheme June 2023 Paper 1 Q6
18. June 2023 · Paper 1 · Q20(c)(i)
Mark scheme June 2023 Paper 1 Q20(c)(i)
19. June 2023 · AS Paper 1 · Q22(b)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2023 Paper 1 Q22(b)(ii)
20. June 2023 · AS Paper 1 · Q23(a)(i)
Mark scheme June 2023 Paper 1 Q23(a)(i)
21. June 2023 · AS Paper 2 · Q2(a)(i)
Mark scheme June 2023 Paper 2 Q2(a)(i)
22. June 2023 · AS Paper 2 · Q2(b)(i)
Mark scheme June 2023 Paper 2 Q2(b)(i)
23. June 2023 · Paper 2 · Q16(b)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2023 Paper 2 Q16(b)(ii)
24. June 2023 · Paper 2 · Q17(a)
Mark scheme June 2023 Paper 2 Q17(a)
25. June 2023 · Paper 2 · Q17(b)
Mark scheme June 2023 Paper 2 Q17(b)
26. June 2023 · Paper 3 · Q4(a)
Mark scheme June 2023 Paper 3 Q4(a)
27. June 2023 · Paper 3 · Q4(b)(i)
Mark scheme June 2023 Paper 3 Q4(b)(i)
28. June 2023 · Paper 3 · Q6(b)(i)
Mark scheme June 2023 Paper 3 Q6(b)(i)
29. June 2022 · AS Paper 1 · Q6
Mark scheme June 2022 Paper 1 Q6
30. June 2022 · Paper 1 · Q6
Mark scheme June 2022 Paper 1 Q6
31. June 2022 · Paper 1 · Q21(b)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2022 Paper 1 Q21(b)(ii)
32. June 2022 · Paper 1 · Q21(c)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2022 Paper 1 Q21(c)(ii)
33. June 2022 · AS Paper 1 · Q23(a)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2022 Paper 1 Q23(a)(ii)
34. June 2022 · AS Paper 2 · Q1(d)
Mark scheme June 2022 Paper 2 Q1(d)
35. June 2022 · AS Paper 2 · Q2(b)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2022 Paper 2 Q2(b)(ii)
36. June 2022 · Paper 2 · Q19(a)
Mark scheme June 2022 Paper 2 Q19(a)
37. June 2022 · Paper 2 · Q20(c)
Mark scheme June 2022 Paper 2 Q20(c)
38. June 2022 · Paper 2 · Q20(d)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2022 Paper 2 Q20(d)(ii)
39. June 2022 · Paper 2 · Q20(f)
Mark scheme June 2022 Paper 2 Q20(f)
40. June 2022 · Paper 3 · Q1(d)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2022 Paper 3 Q1(d)(ii)
41. June 2022 · Paper 3 · Q2(a)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2022 Paper 3 Q2(a)(ii)
42. June 2022 · Paper 3 · Q5(b)(i)
Mark scheme June 2022 Paper 3 Q5(b)(i)
43. November 2021 · Paper 1 · Q3
Mark scheme November 2021 Paper 1 Q3
44. November 2021 · Paper 1 · Q5
Mark scheme November 2021 Paper 1 Q5
45. November 2021 · Paper 1 · Q18(a)
Mark scheme November 2021 Paper 1 Q18(a)
46. November 2021 · AS Paper 1 · Q23(c)
Mark scheme November 2021 Paper 1 Q23(c)
47. November 2021 · AS Paper 1 · Q23(d)
Mark scheme November 2021 Paper 1 Q23(d)
48. November 2021 · AS Paper 2 · Q2(d)
Mark scheme November 2021 Paper 2 Q2(d)
49. November 2021 · Paper 2 · Q4
Mark scheme November 2021 Paper 2 Q4
50. November 2021 · AS Paper 2 · Q7(a)
Mark scheme November 2021 Paper 2 Q7(a)
51. November 2021 · Paper 2 · Q20(a)(iii)
Mark scheme November 2021 Paper 2 Q20(a)(iii)
52. November 2021 · Paper 3 · Q1(d)
Mark scheme November 2021 Paper 3 Q1(d)
53. November 2021 · Paper 3 · Q1(e)
Mark scheme November 2021 Paper 3 Q1(e)
54. November 2021 · Paper 3 · Q5(b)(iii)
Mark scheme November 2021 Paper 3 Q5(b)(iii)
55. November 2021 · Paper 3 · Q5(c)
Mark scheme November 2021 Paper 3 Q5(c)
56. November 2020 · AS Paper 1 · Q2
Mark scheme November 2020 Paper 1 Q2
57. November 2020 · AS Paper 1 · Q8
Mark scheme November 2020 Paper 1 Q8
58. November 2020 · Paper 1 · Q21(a)
Mark scheme November 2020 Paper 1 Q21(a)
59. November 2020 · Paper 1 · Q22(a)
Mark scheme November 2020 Paper 1 Q22(a)
60. November 2020 · AS Paper 1 · Q22(a)(ii)
Mark scheme November 2020 Paper 1 Q22(a)(ii)
61. November 2020 · AS Paper 1 · Q23(c)
Mark scheme November 2020 Paper 1 Q23(c)
62. November 2020 · AS Paper 1 · Q25(c)(iii)
Mark scheme November 2020 Paper 1 Q25(c)(iii)
63. November 2020 · AS Paper 2 · Q1(c)
Mark scheme November 2020 Paper 2 Q1(c)
64. November 2020 · AS Paper 2 · Q3(c)(i)
Mark scheme November 2020 Paper 2 Q3(c)(i)
65. November 2020 · AS Paper 2 · Q5(b)
Mark scheme November 2020 Paper 2 Q5(b)
66. November 2020 · Paper 2 · Q17(b)
Mark scheme November 2020 Paper 2 Q17(b)
67. November 2020 · Paper 2 · Q18(a)(i)
Mark scheme November 2020 Paper 2 Q18(a)(i)
68. November 2020 · Paper 2 · Q18(b)(iii)
Mark scheme November 2020 Paper 2 Q18(b)(iii)
69. November 2020 · Paper 3 · Q4(a)(i)
Mark scheme November 2020 Paper 3 Q4(a)(i)
70. June 2019 · AS Paper 1 · Q8
Mark scheme June 2019 Paper 1 Q8
71. June 2019 · Paper 1 · Q18(a)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2019 Paper 1 Q18(a)(ii)
72. June 2019 · AS Paper 1 · Q21(d)(i)
Mark scheme June 2019 Paper 1 Q21(d)(i)
73. June 2019 · AS Paper 1 · Q21(d)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2019 Paper 1 Q21(d)(ii)
74. June 2019 · AS Paper 1 · Q21(d)(iii)
Mark scheme June 2019 Paper 1 Q21(d)(iii)
75. June 2019 · AS Paper 1 · Q25(a)(iii)
Mark scheme June 2019 Paper 1 Q25(a)(iii)
76. June 2019 · AS Paper 1 · Q25(b)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2019 Paper 1 Q25(b)(ii)
77. June 2019 · Paper 3 · Q2(a)
Mark scheme June 2019 Paper 3 Q2(a)
78. June 2019 · Paper 3 · Q3(a)(i)
Mark scheme June 2019 Paper 3 Q3(a)(i)
79. June 2019 · Paper 3 · Q6(b)
Mark scheme June 2019 Paper 3 Q6(b)
80. June 2018 · AS Paper 1 · Q1
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 1 Q1
81. June 2018 · Paper 1 · Q6
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 1 Q6
82. June 2018 · Paper 1 · Q7
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 1 Q7
83. June 2018 · AS Paper 1 · Q9
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 1 Q9
84. June 2018 · AS Paper 1 · Q15
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 1 Q15
85. June 2018 · AS Paper 1 · Q22(a)(iv)
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 1 Q22(a)(iv)
86. June 2018 · AS Paper 1 · Q22(b)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 1 Q22(b)(ii)
87. June 2018 · AS Paper 1 · Q23(a)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 1 Q23(a)(ii)
88. June 2018 · AS Paper 1 · Q24(b)(iii)
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 1 Q24(b)(iii)
89. June 2018 · AS Paper 2 · Q2(c)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 2 Q2(c)(ii)
90. June 2018 · AS Paper 2 · Q3(a)(i)
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 2 Q3(a)(i)
91. June 2018 · AS Paper 2 · Q3(d)(i)
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 2 Q3(d)(i)
92. June 2018 · Paper 2 · Q16(a)(iv)
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 2 Q16(a)(iv)
93. June 2018 · Paper 2 · Q16(b)
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 2 Q16(b)
94. June 2018 · Paper 2 · Q22(a)
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 2 Q22(a)
95. June 2018 · Paper 2 · Q22(c)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 2 Q22(c)(ii)
96. June 2018 · Paper 3 · Q5(b)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 3 Q5(b)(ii)
97. June 2018 · Paper 3 · Q6(a)(iii)
Mark scheme June 2018 Paper 3 Q6(a)(iii)
98. June 2017 · Paper 1 · Q4
Mark scheme June 2017 Paper 1 Q4
99. June 2017 · Paper 1 · Q17(d)(i)
Mark scheme June 2017 Paper 1 Q17(d)(i)
100. June 2017 · AS Paper 1 · Q22(b)
Mark scheme June 2017 Paper 1 Q22(b)
101. June 2017 · AS Paper 1 · Q24(b)(i)
Mark scheme June 2017 Paper 1 Q24(b)(i)
102. June 2017 · AS Paper 2 · Q1(c)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2017 Paper 2 Q1(c)(ii)
103. June 2017 · Paper 2 · Q16(e)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2017 Paper 2 Q16(e)(ii)
104. June 2017 · Paper 2 · Q19(a)
Mark scheme June 2017 Paper 2 Q19(a)
105. June 2017 · Paper 3 · Q2(d)(iii)
Mark scheme June 2017 Paper 3 Q2(d)(iii)
106. June 2017 · Paper 3 · Q4(b)(i)
Mark scheme June 2017 Paper 3 Q4(b)(i)
107. June 2017 · Paper 3 · Q5(a)(iv)
Mark scheme June 2017 Paper 3 Q5(a)(iv)
108. June 2016 · AS Paper 1 · Q2
Mark scheme June 2016 Paper 1 Q2
109. June 2016 · AS Paper 1 · Q23(a)(ii)
Mark scheme June 2016 Paper 1 Q23(a)(ii)
110. June 2016 · AS Paper 1 · Q24(b)
Mark scheme June 2016 Paper 1 Q24(b)
111. June 2016 · AS Paper 2 · Q2(c)
Mark scheme June 2016 Paper 2 Q2(c)